Tsim cov kev tshawb fawb nrov
Kev ntaus nrig Hais txog kev siv cov tshuab forging los siv lub zog rau cov hlau billet los txhawb kev hloov pauv yas, kom tau txais qee yam khoom siv kho tshuab, cov duab tshwj xeeb thiab qhov loj ntawm forging, nws yog ib qho ntawm ob qho tseem ceeb ntawm forging (suav nrog forging thiab stamping). Los ntawm forging, nws tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov qhov tsis zoo xws li hlau smelting, thiab ua kom zoo dua cov qauv me me. Tib lub sijhawm, vim tias cov hlau tiav tau khaws cia, cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm forging feem ntau zoo dua li casting ntawm tib cov khoom siv. Hauv cov tshuab cuam tshuam, rau cov khoom tseem ceeb nrog kev thauj khoom siab thiab cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm nruj, tshwj tsis yog cov duab yooj yim uas tuaj yeem siv cov phaj dov, profile lossis vuam qhov chaw, feem ntau ntawm cov forgings yuav raug siv.
- Kub hloov pauv
Qhov kub pib recrystallization ntawm cov hlau yog li 727 ℃, tab sis 800 ℃ feem ntau yog siv ua kab faib, siab dua 800 ℃ yog kub forging; ntawm 300 thiab 800 ℃ yog hu ua sov forging lossis semi-kub forging, forging ntawm chav tsev kub hu ua txias forging. Cov Forgings siv hauv feem ntau kev lag luam yog kub forging, thiab sov forging thiab txias forging feem ntau yog siv rau kev forging ntawm tsheb, tshuab dav dav thiab lwm yam khoom. Sov forging thiab txias forging tuaj yeem txuag cov ntaub ntawv zoo.
- Pawg ntaus hlau
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, raws li qhov kub ntawm kev forging, nws muaj peev xwm muab faib ua kub forging, sov forging thiab txias forging. Raws li txoj kev tsim, forging tuaj yeem muab faib ua dawb forging, tuag forging, sib tsoo nplhaib thiab tshwj xeeb forging.
1) Kev ua kom dawb
Hais txog txoj kev ua cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej yooj yim thoob ntiaj teb lossis ncaj qha siv lub zog sab nraud rau lub billet ntawm lub anvil sab saud thiab qis ntawm cov khoom siv forging kom deform lub blank thiab tau txais cov geometry xav tau thiab qhov zoo sab hauv ntawm cov forgings. Cov forgings tsim los ntawm txoj kev forging dawb hu ua free forgings. Free forging feem ntau yog raws li kev tsim cov forgings nrog cov khoom me me, siv forging rauj, hydraulic nias thiab lwm yam khoom siv forging los tsim thiab ua cov billet, thiab tau txais cov forgings tsim nyog. Cov txheej txheem yooj yim ntawm free forging suav nrog upsetting, lengthening, punching, txiav, bending, twisting, dislocation thiab forging. Free forging yog txhua yam siv rau hauv hom kub forging.
2) Pwm forging
Kev pwm forging yog muab faib ua qhib tuag forging thiab kaw tuag forging. Cov hlau billet raug nias thiab deformed hauv lub forging tuag chamber nrog ib qho duab kom tau txais cov khoom forging. Tuag forging feem ntau yog siv rau kev tsim cov khoom me me thiab cov khoom loj. Pwm forging tuaj yeem muab faib ua kub tuag forging, sov forging thiab txias forging. Sov forging thiab txias forging yog cov kev taw qhia kev loj hlob yav tom ntej ntawm tuag forging, thiab lawv kuj sawv cev rau qib ntawm forging technology.
Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv, kev tuag forging kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hlau dub tuag forging, cov hlau tsis yog ferrous tuag forging thiab cov khoom hmoov tsim. Raws li lub npe qhia, cov ntaub ntawv yog cov hlau ferrous xws li Cov hlau carbonl, cov hlau uas tsis yog ferrous xws li tooj liab thiab txhuas, thiab cov ntaub ntawv hmoov metallurgy.
Extrusion yuav tsum tau muab piv rau kev tuag forging, thiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov hlau hnyav extrusion thiab lub teeb hlau extrusion.
Kev sib tsoo tuag kaw thiab kev sib tsoo taub hau kaw yog ob txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm siab heev ntawm kev sib tsoo tuag. Vim tias tsis muaj ntug ya, qhov siv cov khoom siv siab heev. Kev ua tiav ntawm cov kev sib tsoo nyuaj tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ib txoj hauv kev lossis ntau txoj hauv kev. Vim tias tsis muaj ntug ya, thaj chaw ntxhov siab ntawm kev sib tsoo raug txo qis, thiab qhov hnyav xav tau kuj raug txo qis. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub billet yuav tsum tsis txhob txwv tag nrho, yog li qhov ntim ntawm lub billet yuav tsum tau tswj hwm nruj me ntsis, qhov chaw sib piv ntawm lub forging tuag thiab kev ntsuas ntawm lub forging, thiab siv zog kom txo qhov hnav ntawm lub forging tuag.
3) Mus txog lub nplhaib
Kev sib tsoo nplhaib yog hais txog kev tsim cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov kab uas hla los ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tshuab sib tsoo nplhaib, uas kuj siv los tsim cov khoom siv log xws li lub log tsheb thiab lub log tsheb ciav hlau.
4) Kev tsim tshwj xeeb
Kev forging tshwj xeeb suav nrog dov forging, wedge transverse dov, radial forging, kua tuag forging thiab lwm yam kev forging, cov txheej txheem no zoo dua rau kev tsim qee qhov tshwj xeeb zoo li. Piv txwv li, dov forging tuaj yeem siv ua cov txheej txheem ua ntej zoo kom txo qhov siab tom qab tsim; wedge transverse dov tuaj yeem tsim cov hlau pob, tsav ncej thiab radial forging tuaj yeem tsim cov forgings loj xws li rab phom thiab kauj ruam ncej.
5) Forging pwm
Raws li hom kev txav ntawm lub pwm forging, kev forging tuaj yeem muab faib ua swing dov, swing rotary forging, dov forging, wedge transverse dov, dov nplhaib thiab inclined dov. Roll-rolling, swing-rotary forging thiab dov nplhaib kuj tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev forging zoo. Txhawm rau txhim kho tus nqi siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, dov forging thiab transverse dov tuaj yeem siv ua thawj txheej txheem ua cov ntaub ntawv nyias. Rotary forging, zoo li free forging, kuj muaj qhov zoo dua uas piv rau qhov loj ntawm lub forging, nws tuaj yeem tsim tau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub zog forging me me. Txoj kev forging, suav nrog free forging, ua cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm qhov chaw pwm mus rau qhov chaw dawb, yog li ntawd, nws nyuaj rau xyuas kom meej qhov tseeb, yog li, kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav ntawm pwm thiab rotary forging txheej txheem nrog kev tswj hwm computer, tuaj yeem siv lub zog forging qis rau cov duab nyuaj, cov khoom muaj tseeb siab, xws li ntau yam kev tsim khoom, qhov loj ntawm cov hniav turbine chav.
Qhov kev txav ntawm cov pwm ntawm cov khoom siv forging tsis sib xws nrog qib kev ywj pheej. Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw tuag, cov khoom siv forging tuaj yeem faib ua plaub hom hauv qab no:
Txwv cov qauv ntawm lub zog forging: lub siab roj ncaj qha tsav lub roj nias swb.
Hom kev txwv quasi-stroke: cov roj nias tsav cov roj nias ntawm lub crank linkage mechanism.
Kev txwv ntawm lub stroke: kev nias tshuab tsav lub swb los ntawm crank, txuas pas nrig thiab wedge mechanism.
Hom kev txwv zog: siv lub tshuab ntsia hlau ntawm lub kauv thiab kev sib txhuam nias.
Yuav kom ua tiav qhov tseeb siab, yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj kev thauj khoom ntau dhau ntawm qhov chaw tuag qis dua thiab tswj qhov ceev thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub pwm. Vim tias cov no yuav muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev kam rau siab ntawm lub pwm, qhov tseeb ntawm cov duab thiab lub neej ntawm lub pwm. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, txhawm rau kom tswj tau qhov tseeb, yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov chaw ntawm lub slider guide rail, xyuas kom meej tias nws ruaj khov, kho qhov chaw tuag thiab siv lub cuab yeej xa khoom pab txhawb nqa thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas.
Kuj tseem muaj kev txav mus los ntawm ntsug thiab kab rov tav (rau kev sib tsoo cov khoom me me, kev txias lubrication, thiab kev tsim khoom ceev ceev ntawm cov khoom sib tsoo), siv cov cuab yeej them nyiaj tuaj yeem ua rau kev txav mus los ntau dua. Cov txheej txheem saum toj no txawv, lub zog forging xav tau, cov txheej txheem, kev siv cov khoom siv, cov txiaj ntsig, kev kam rau siab loj thiab cov txheej txheem txias lubrication txawv, cov yam no kuj yog cov yam uas cuam tshuam rau qib ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg.
- Cov ntaub ntawv forged
Cov ntaub ntawv forging feem ntau yog carbon hlau thiab alloy hlau ntawm ntau yam khoom, ua raws li txhuas, magnesium, tooj liab, titanium thiab lawv cov alloys. Lub xeev thawj ntawm cov khoom siv yog pas nrig khoom, ingot, hmoov hlau thiab kua hlau. Qhov piv ntawm thaj tsam hla ntawm cov hlau ua ntej deformation rau thaj tsam hla tom qab deformation hu ua forging ratio. Kev xaiv qhov raug ntawm forging ratio, qhov kub thiab txias tsim nyog thiab lub sijhawm rwb thaiv tsev, qhov kub thiab txias pib tsim nyog thiab qhov kub thiab txias kawg forging, qhov deformation tsim nyog thiab deformation ceev muaj kev sib raug zoo heev los txhim kho cov khoom zoo thiab txo tus nqi.
Feem ntau cov forgings me thiab nruab nrab yog cov pas nrig puag ncig lossis plaub fab ua billet. Lub cev ntawm cov khoom siv pas nrig yog sib xws, zoo, zoo li thiab loj, zoo ntawm qhov chaw, yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa ntau lawm. Tsuav yog qhov kub thiab txias thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov xwm txheej raug tswj tau zoo, cov forgings nrog kev ua tau zoo heev tuaj yeem forged yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv loj.
Tsuas yog siv cov hlau iningot rau cov hlau loj xwb. Cov hlau ingot yog cov ntaub uas raug pov tseg nrog cov siv lead ua ke loj dua thiab lub hauv paus xoob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los rhuav cov siv lead ua ke ua cov noob me me thiab ua kom xoob kom tau txais cov hlau zoo thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
Cov hmoov hlau metallurgy prefabricated billet uas raug nias thiab hlawv tuaj yeem ua tau forged yam tsis muaj lub pwm ya sab hauv lub xeev kub. Cov hmoov forging yog ze rau qhov ceev ntawm cov pwm forging dav dav, nrog cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo thiab qhov tseeb siab, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ua haujlwm tom qab. Cov hmoov forgings tau teeb tsa zoo yam tsis muaj kev sib cais thiab tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom ua haujlwm xws li cov iav me me. Tab sis tus nqi ntawm hmoov yog siab dua tus nqi ntawm cov pas nrig dav dav, thiab daim ntawv thov hauv kev tsim khoom yog txwv rau qee qhov.
Lub zog siab static yog siv rau cov hlau kua uas nchuav rau hauv lub pwm chamber rau kev khov, crystallization, ntws, yas deformation thiab tsim nyob rau hauv lub siab, yog li tau txais cov duab thiab kev ua tau zoo xav tau. Kua hlau tuag forging yog ib txoj kev tsim ntawm die casting thiab die forging. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov khoom nyias-phab ntsa nyuaj uas nyuaj rau tsim hauv kev tuag forging.
Ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv ib txwm muaj, cov khoom siv forging xws li ntau yam khoom siv carbon steel thiab alloy steel, ua raws li txhuas, magnesium, tooj liab, titanium thiab nws cov alloy, hlau-raws li kub alloy, nickel-raws li kub alloy, cobalt-raws li kub alloy deformation alloy los ntawm forging lossis dov txoj kev, tab sis cov alloy no vim nws thaj chaw yas yog qhov nqaim heev, yog li qhov nyuaj forging yog qhov loj heev, cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov kub forging thiab qhov kub forging kawg muaj cov kev cai nruj.
- Cov txheej txheem ntws
Cov txheej txheem forging sib txawv muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv, ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev kub tuag forging yog qhov ntev tshaj plaws, qhov kev txiav txim dav dav yog: forging billet pub mis; forging cua sov; roller forging npaj; tuag forging; txiav ntug; xuas nrig ntaus; kho; kev tshuaj xyuas nruab nrab, xyuas qhov loj me thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov forgings; kev kho cua sov ntawm cov forgings kom tshem tawm qhov kev ntxhov siab forging thiab txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev txiav hlau; kev ntxuav, feem ntau yog kom tshem tawm cov tawv nqaij oxidation ntawm qhov chaw; kho; kev tshuaj xyuas, cov forgings dav dav yuav tsum dhau los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tsos thiab qhov nyuaj, thiab cov forgings tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau kuaj los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov tshuaj lom neeg, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, kev ntxhov siab seem thiab kev sim tsis puas tsuaj.
- Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov forgings
Piv nrog rau cov castings, hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv cov qauv thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Cov ntaub ntawv casting tom qab forging txoj kev thermal ua deformation, vim yog qhov deformation ntawm hlau thiab recrystallization, ua rau cov dendrite tuab thiab columnar nplej qub rau hauv cov nplej zoo, qhov loj me sib xws axial recrystallization lub koom haum, ua rau thawj qhov kev sib cais, xoob, pores, slag rau compaction thiab welding, lub koom haum ua ze dua, txhim kho cov khoom siv plasticity thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov hlau.
Cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov castings qis dua li cov forgings ntawm tib cov khoom siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev ua forging tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov hlau fiber, yog li ntawd cov fiber ntawm lub forging thiab cov duab ntawm lub forging, cov hlau streamline tiav, tuaj yeem ua kom cov khoom muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo thiab lub neej ntev. Cov Forgings tsim los ntawm kev tuag forging, txias extrusion, kub extrusion thiab lwm yam txheej txheem tsis sib piv rau castings.
Kev forging yog ib yam khoom uas muab hlau tso rau hauv qab siab kom tsim tau ib daim duab xav tau lossis tsim ib lub zog compression tsim nyog. Lub zog no feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv rauj lossis siab. Cov txheej txheem forging tsim cov qauv me me thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv lub cev ntawm cov hlau. Thaum siv cov khoom tiag tiag, kev tsim qauv zoo ua rau cov khoom ntws mus rau hauv qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub siab tseem ceeb. Casting yog ib yam khoom tsim hlau tau los ntawm ntau txoj kev casting, uas yog smelting cov hlau kua, nrog rau kev nchuav, nias, nqus lossis lwm txoj kev casting rau hauv qhov casting npaj, txias tom qab xuab zeb, ntxuav thiab tom qab kho, cov khoom nrog ib qho duab, qhov loj me thiab kev ua tau zoo.