Ngaba inkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu yee-forgings ezinkulu iyinkimbinkimbi?

Ngokwesiqhelo, unyango lobushushu lwe-large UkubumbaI-s idla ngokudityaniswa nokupholisa ii-forgings. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubungakanani becandelo lee-forgings ezinkulu bukhulu kwaye inkqubo yemveliso iyinkimbinkimbi. Ngexesha lonyango lobushushu, ngenxa yokungalingani kwesakhiwo esincinci kunye neempawu zee-forgings, ezinye ii-forgings zinokuba neziphene zamabala amhlophe. Ke ngoko, ukongeza ekususeni uxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa ubulukhuni, injongo ephambili yonyango lobushushu lwee-forgings ezinkulu kuqala kukuthintela ii-forgings ukuba zingavelisi amabala amhlophe, ukuphucula ukufana kokwakheka kweekhemikhali zee-forgings, kunye nokulungisa nokuphucula isakhiwo esincinci see-forgings.

Amabala amhlophe kwiifolji ezinkulu ziingceba ezincinci kakhulu ezithambileyo ngaphakathi kwiifolji, ezibonakala njengeebala ezingqukuva okanye ezimbhoxo zesilivere-ezimhlophe, ezinobubanzi obuqala kwiimilimitha ezimbalwa ukuya kwishumi leemilimitha. Ngokujonga izicubu ezincinci, kunokufunyaniswa ukuba akukho zimpawu zokuguquka kweplastiki kwindawo ekufutshane namabala amhlophe. Ngoko ke, kunokubonwa ukuba amabala amhlophe ngawee-fractures ezithambileyo.

Ukuba kukho amabala amhlophe kwi-forgings, akuyi kubangela ukwehla okukhulu kweempawu zoomatshini kuphela, kodwa ngenxa yoxinzelelo olukhulu olubangelwa ngamabala amhlophe, kukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwamalungu ngexesha lonyango lobushushu kunye nokucima, okanye ukwaphuka ngequbuliso ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwamalungu, kwaye kunokubangela neengozi zomonakalo womatshini.

Ngoko ke, amabala amhlophe sisiphene sezinto zokugquma. Iimeko zobugcisa zezinto zokugquma ezinkulu zicacisa ngokucacileyo ukuba xa amabala amhlophe efunyenwe, kufuneka alahlwe. Kukho iingcamango ezininzi malunga nokwakheka kwamabala amhlophe. Imbono ehambelanayo ngoku kukuba amabala amhlophe ayisiphumo sesenzo esidibeneyo se-hydrogen kwintsimbi kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi (ngokuyintloko uxinzelelo lombutho). Ngaphandle komlinganiselo othile we-hydrogen kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olubalulekileyo, amabala amhlophe awanakuvela.

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa emva kokwenziwa kwee-forgings, njengoko ubushushu buncipha, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-austenite, ukongeza ekuveliseni uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi (ngokuyintloko uxinzelelo lombutho) ngaphakathi kwee-forgings, ukunyibilika kwe-hydrogen kwintsimbi nako kuncipha. Ngeli xesha, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lubangela ukuba ukuqhekeka kuqokeleleke kwimida ye-sub-grain kwaye kwenze ii-sub-microscopic crackles. Xa ii-athomu ze-hydrogen zikhupha kwaye ziphuma kwisisombululo esiqinileyo ziye kwii-sub-microscopic crackles, ii-athomu ze-hydrogen ziyadibana zibe zii-molecule ze-hydrogen kwii-cracks kwaye zivelise uxinzelelo olukhulu. Ke ngoko, kwiindawo ezibuthathaka zasekuhlaleni ezinomxholo ophezulu we-hydrogen kwintsimbi, phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lombutho kunye noxinzelelo lwe-hydrogen precipitation, ii-sub-microscopic crackes ziyaqhubeka nokukhula zide ziqhekeke, nto leyo ebangela ii-cracks zangaphakathi ezincinci kakhulu, ngaloo ndlela zenze amabala amhlophe.

Ngaba inkqubo yokunyanga ubushushu yee-forgings ezinkulu iyinkimbinkimbi? Oku kuchazwe ngasentla yintshayelelo efanelekileyo kule nkalo. Kuthenjwa ukuba kuya kuba luncedo kuye wonke umntu.