He paʻakikī anei ke kaʻina hana wela o nā forgings nui?

ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka mālama wela o ka nui Ke kāhiko ʻanaHoʻohui pinepine ʻia ʻo s me ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana o nā forgings. ʻO kēia no ka mea he nui ka nui o ka ʻāpana o nā forgings nui a he paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana. I ka wā o ka mālama wela, ma muli o ka like ʻole o ka microstructure a me nā waiwai o nā forgings, ua maʻalahi kekahi mau forgings i nā kīnā kiko keʻokeʻo. No laila, me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ke kaumaha a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka paʻakikī, ʻo ke kumu nui o ka mālama wela o nā forgings nui, ʻo ia ka pale mua ʻana i nā forgings mai ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā kiko keʻokeʻo, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano like o ka hoʻohui kemika o nā forgings, a hoʻoponopono a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka microstructure o nā forgings.

ʻO nā kiko keʻokeʻo i loko o nā mea i hana ʻia he māwae palupalu loa i loko o nā mea i hana ʻia, e hōʻike ana he mau kiko keʻokeʻo kālā poepoe a elliptical paha, me nā anawaena mai kekahi mau milimita a i kekahi mau ʻumi milimita. Ma o ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻiʻo microscopic, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻaʻohe koena o ka deformation plastic ma kahi kokoke o nā kiko keʻokeʻo. No laila, hiki ke ʻike ʻia he mau haki palupalu nā kiko keʻokeʻo.

Inā he mau kiko keʻokeʻo i loko o nā mea i hana ʻia, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻemi nui i nā waiwai mechanical akā, ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaumaha i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kiko keʻokeʻo, e alakaʻi i ka haki ʻana o nā ʻāpana i ka wā o ka mālama wela a me ka hoʻopio ʻana, a i ʻole nā ​​haki koke i ka wā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana, a hiki ke hana i nā ulia pōʻino mīkini.

No laila, he kīnā nā kiko keʻokeʻo o nā mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia. Ua ʻōlelo maopopo nā kūlana loea o nā mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nui i ka wā e loaʻa ai nā kiko keʻokeʻo, pono e hoʻopau ʻia. Nui nā kumumanaʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā kiko keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka manaʻo kūlike i kēia manawa, ʻo nā kiko keʻokeʻo ka hopena o ka hana hui pū ʻana o ka hydrogen i loko o ke kila a me ke kaumaha kūloko (ʻo ia hoʻi ke kaumaha hoʻonohonoho). Me ka ʻole o kahi nui o ka hydrogen a me ke kaumaha kūloko koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia nā kiko keʻokeʻo.

I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻalili ma hope o ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana, i ka emi ʻana o ka mahana, ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka austenite, me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke kaumaha kūloko (ʻo ia hoʻi ke kaumaha hoʻonohonoho) i loko o nā mea hana, emi pū ka solubility o ka hydrogen i loko o ke kila. I kēia manawa, ʻo ke kaumaha kūloko ke kumu o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā dislocations ma nā palena sub-grain a hana i nā māwae sub-microscopic. Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ʻātoma hydrogen a hoʻokahe ʻia mai ka hopena paʻa i loko o nā māwae sub-microscopic, hui pū nā ʻātoma hydrogen i loko o nā mole hydrogen i loko o nā māwae a hana i ke kaomi nui. No laila, ma nā wahi palupalu kūloko me ka nui o ka hydrogen i loko o ke kila, ma lalo o ka hana o ke kaumaha hoʻonohonoho a me ke kaumaha hydrogen precipitation, hoʻomau ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā māwae sub-microscopic a hiki i ka haki ʻana, e hopena ana i nā māwae kūloko maikaʻi loa, a pēlā e hana ai i nā kiko keʻokeʻo.

He paʻakikī anei ke kaʻina hana hoʻomehana o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe nui? ʻO ka ʻike ma luna nei ka hoʻolauna kūpono ma kēia ʻano. Manaʻolana ʻia e kōkua i nā mea āpau.