Ingabe inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa ye-forgings enkulu iyinkimbinkimbi?
Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-big UkwakhaI-s ivame ukuhlanganiswa nokupholisa ama-forging. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi usayizi wesigaba sama-forging amakhulu mkhulu futhi inqubo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, ngenxa yokungalingani kwesakhiwo esincane kanye nezakhiwo zama-forging, amanye ama-forging athambekele ekuphazamisekeni kwamabala amhlophe. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokuqeda ukucindezeleka nokunciphisa ubulukhuni, inhloso eyinhloko yokwelashwa kokushisa kwama-forging amakhulu kuqala ukuvimbela ama-forging ukuthi angakhi amabala amhlophe, ukuthuthukisa ukufana kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwama-forging, nokulungisa nokulungisa isakhiwo esincane sama-forging.
Amabala amhlophe ezindaweni ezinkulu zokubumba anombala omncane kakhulu ngaphakathi kwezindawo zokubumba, avela njengamabala ayindilinga noma anombala o-elliptical wesiliva-omhlophe, anobubanzi obusukela kumamilimitha ambalwa kuya kwamashumi amaningana amamilimitha. Ngokubheka izicubu ezincane, kungatholakala ukuthi azikho izimpawu zokuguquka kwepulasitiki endaweni eseduze kwamabala amhlophe. Ngakho-ke, kungabonakala ukuthi amabala amhlophe angokwaphuka okubumbayo.
Uma kukhona amabala amhlophe ezindongeni, ngeke nje kubangele ukwehla okukhulu kwezakhiwo zemishini kodwa futhi, ngenxa yokucindezeleka okuphezulu okubangelwa amabala amhlophe, kuholele ekuqhekekeni kwezingxenye ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nokushisa, noma ukuqhekeka okungazelelwe ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye, futhi kubangele ngisho nezingozi zokulimala komshini.
Ngakho-ke, amabala amhlophe ayiphutha lokubumba. Izimo zobuchwepheshe zokubumba okukhulu zisho ngokusobala ukuthi uma amabala amhlophe esetholakele, kumele alahlwe. Kunemibono eminingi mayelana nokwakheka kwamabala amhlophe. Umbono ohambisanayo njengamanje ukuthi amabala amhlophe awumphumela wesenzo esihlangene se-hydrogen ekucindezelekeni kwensimbi kanye nokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi (ikakhulukazi ukucindezeleka kokuhlela). Ngaphandle kwenani elithile le-hydrogen kanye nokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okuphawulekayo, amabala amhlophe awakwazi ukwakheka.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokupholisa ngemva kokwakheka kwe-forgings, njengoba izinga lokushisa lehla, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwe-austenite, ngaphezu kokudala ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi (ikakhulukazi ukucindezeleka kwenhlangano) ngaphakathi kwe-forgings, ukuncibilika kwe-hydrogen ensimbini nakho kuyancipha. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kubangela ukuhlukana kokuqongelela emingceleni ye-sub-grain futhi kwakheke imifantu engaphansi kwe-microscopic. Lapho ama-athomu e-hydrogen ephuma futhi ephuma esixazululweni esiqinile aye emifantu engaphansi kwe-microscopic, ama-athomu e-hydrogen ahlangana abe ama-molecule e-hydrogen emifantu futhi akhiqize ingcindezi enkulu. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezibuthakathaka zendawo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen ensimbini, ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezeleka kwenhlangano kanye nokucindezeleka kwe-hydrogen precipitation, imifantu engaphansi kwe-microscopic iyaqhubeka nokukhula ize iqhume, okuholela emifantu yangaphakathi emincane kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha amabala amhlophe.
Ingabe inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa ye-forgings enkulu iyinkimbinkimbi? Okuqukethwe okungenhla kuyisingeniso esifanele kulokhu. Kuthenjwa ukuthi kuzoba usizo kuwo wonke umuntu.