Intangiriro y'ibikoresho by'ibanze

1. Ibiranga ibikoresho by'ingenzi by'icyuma n'ibyuma n'aho bikoreshwa

①Icyuma cya karuboni

Icyuma cya karuboni ni icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma na feri kirimo ibintu bya karuboni, ubusanzwe kirimo hagati ya 0.12% na 2.0%. Dukurikije ingano ya karuboni itandukanye, icyuma cya karuboni gigabanyijemo icyuma gito cya karuboni (ingano ya karuboni iri munsi ya 0.3%), icyuma giciriritse cya karuboni (ingano ya karuboni iri hagati ya 0.3% -0.6%) n'icyuma kinini cya karuboni (ingano ya karuboni iri hejuru ya 0.6%). Icyuma cya karuboni gifite imiterere myiza, ubushobozi bwo gusudira no gukoresha neza ibikoresho, gikoreshwa cyane mu bice by'ubwubatsi, ibice bya kanikani, inganda z'imodoka n'ibindi bikorwa.

②Icyuma cy'Aluminiyumu

Ibyuma bya aluminiyumu ni icyuma gifite ibindi bintu bya aluminiyumu (nka chromium, nickel, molybdenum, nibindi) byongewemo hashingiwe ku byuma bya karuboni kugira ngo byongere imiterere yabyo, ubushyuhe n'ubudahangarwa. Ibyuma bya aluminiyumu bishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butandukanye hakurikijwe igipimo n'imikorere y'ibintu bitandukanye bya aluminiyumu. Urugero, icyuma cya chromium-molybdenum gikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda zikora imodoka n'indege, naho icyuma cya manganese gikoreshwa mu gukora ibice bidashobora kwangirika.

③Icyuma kidakoresha ifu

Icyuma kidashonga ni icyuma kidashonga, ibice by'ingenzi ni chromium (ubusanzwe hagati ya 10% na 30% by'ibikubiye muri cyo) na nikeli. Icyuma kidashonga gigabanyijemo icyuma kidashonga cya austenite, icyuma kidashonga cya ferrite n'icyuma kidashonga cya martensite. Icyuma kidashonga cya austenite gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya no gutunganya neza, gikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho byo mu gikoni, mu mitako y'inyubako, mu bikoresho bya chimique n'ahandi.

④Icyuma gikozwe mu ibumba

Ibyuma bikozwe mu nganda ni icyuma cyihariye gikoreshwa mu gukora ibumba, gifite ubukana bwinshi, imbaraga nyinshi, ubushobozi bwo kwangirika no kudakora neza. Dukurikije ibisabwa mu ikoreshwa n'imiterere y'imikorere, icyuma gikozwe mu nganda gishobora kugabanywamo icyuma gikonje, icyuma gishyushye, icyuma gikozwe mu nganda n'ubundi bwoko. Bikoreshwa cyane mu ibumba rya pulasitiki, ibumba rikozwe mu nganda n'ahandi.

⑤Umuyoboro w'icyuma

Umuyoboro w'icyuma ni ubwoko bw'umuyoboro w'icyuma udafite aho uboshye, ushobora kugabanywamo imiyoboro y'icyuma idafunze n'imiyoboro y'icyuma ifunze hakurikijwe inzira yo kuwukora. Umuyoboro w'icyuma ukoreshwa cyane mu nganda za peteroli, inganda za shimi, inganda zikora imashini, ubwubatsi n'ahandi, ufite imiterere y'ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutwara, ubudahangarwa bwiza bw'umuvuduko no kudahangarwa n'ingese. Umuyoboro w'icyuma udafunze ukwiriye ahantu hashyushye cyane n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, mu gihe umuyoboro w'icyuma ufunze ukwiriye mu buhanga rusange n'imiterere.

2. Gutunganya ubushyuhe no gutunganya ubuso

Imiterere y'ibikoresho by'icyuma ishobora kunozwa binyuze mu gutunganya ubushyuhe no gutunganya ubuso. Gutunganya ubushyuhe birimo gukurura, gutwika bisanzwe, kuzimya n'izindi nzira, bishobora guhindura imiterere y'icyuma no kunoza ubukana n'imbaraga zacyo. Gutunganya ubuso birimo gusiga ibyuma, gutera imiti, gusiga amavuta, gusiga irangi n'ubundi buryo, bishobora kunoza uburyo icyuma kidatwarwa n'ingese n'ubwiza bwacyo.

3. Igipimo cy'ubuziranenge

Amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho by’icyuma ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane ubuziranenge bw’ibicuruzwa. Ibipimo rusange by’ibikoresho by’icyuma birimo amahame mpuzamahanga (urugero: ASTM, ISO), amahame y’i Burayi (urugero: EN), n’amabwiriza y’igihugu (urugero: GB, JIS). Icyuma cyatoranijwe gishobora kwemeza imikorere yacyo n’uburyo kiyubakwa.