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Te whakaurunga rauemi mata matua
2024-05-24
1. Ngā āhuatanga matua o te rino me te maitai me ngā mara tono
He rauemi rino me te konukōre waro te maitai waro kei roto ngā huānga waro, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā kei roto i waenga i te 0.12% me te 2.0%. E ai ki te nui o te waro, ka wehea te maitai waro ki te maitai waro iti (iti iho i te 0.3%), te maitai waro waenga (0.3% -0.6%) me te maitai waro teitei (neke atu i te 0.6%). He pai te kirihou o te maitai waro, te ngāwari ki te whakarewa me te ngāwari ki te miihini, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā wāhanga hanganga, ngā wāhanga mīhini, te hanga waka me ētahi atu mara.
He hua maitai te maitai koranu me ētahi atu huānga koranu (pērā i te chromium, te nickel, te molybdenum, me ētahi atu) i tāpirihia i runga i te maitai waro hei whakapai ake i ōna āhuatanga miihini, te ātete wera me te ātete waikura. Ka taea te wehewehe i te maitai koranu ki ngā momo rerekē e ai ki te ōwehenga tāpiri me ngā whakaritenga mahi o ngā huānga koranu rerekē. Hei tauira, he mea whakamahi noa te maitai chromium-molybdenum i roto i te ahumahi hanga motuka me te rererangi, ā, ka whakamahia te maitai manganese i roto i te hanga wāhanga ātete-kakahu.
③Kowiri tira
He maitai ātete-waikura te maitai kore waikura, ko ngā wāhanga matua ko te chromium (te nuinga o te wā kei waenganui i te 10% me te 30% te ihirangi) me te nikara. Ka wehea te maitai kore waikura ki te maitai kore austenite, te maitai kore ferrite me te maitai kore martensite. He pai te ātete ki te waikura me te tukatuka o te maitai kore austenitic, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā taputapu kīhini, whakapaipai whare, taputapu matū me ētahi atu mara.
④Rino pokepokea ai
He maitai motuhake te maitai mate e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga pokepokea ai, he pakeke rawa, he kaha rawa, he ātete ki te kakahu me te ātete ki te pānga. E ai ki ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga me ngā āhuatanga tukanga, ka taea te wehewehe i te maitai pokepokea ai ahumahi ki te maitai pokepokea ai makariri, te maitai pokepokea ai wera, te maitai mate kirihou me ētahi atu momo. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā pokepokea ai kirihou, ngā pokepokea ai mate me ētahi atu mara.
⑤Paipa maitai
He momo paipa maitai kau te paipa maitai, ka taea te wehewehe ki te paipa maitai kore hononga me te paipa maitai whakarewahia i runga i te tukanga hanga. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te paipa maitai i roto i te hinu, te ahumahi matū, te hanga mīhini, te hanga me ētahi atu mara, ā, he kaha te kawe i te kaha, he ātete pai ki te pēhanga me te ātete ki te waikura. He pai te paipa maitai kore hononga mō ngā taiao pēhanga teitei me te pāmahana teitei, ko te paipa maitai whakarewahia ia he pai mō te hangarau whānui me te hanganga.
2. Te maimoatanga wera me te maimoatanga mata
Ka taea te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi maitai mā te whakamahana me te whakamahana mata. Kei roto i te whakamahana te whakamahana, te mura noa, te tinei me ētahi atu tukanga, ka taea te whakarerekē i te hanganga whakahaere o te maitai me te whakapai ake i tōna pakeke me tōna kaha. Kei roto i te whakamahana mata te whakapūmau, te rehu, te paninga me ētahi atu tikanga, ka taea te whakapai ake i te ātete ki te waikura me te ataahua o te maitai.
3. paerewa kounga
He mea nui ngā paerewa kounga o ngā rauemi maitai hei whakarite i te kounga o te hua. Ko ngā whakaritenga rauemi maitai noa ko ngā paerewa o te ao (hei tauira, ASTM, ISO), ngā paerewa Pākehā (hei tauira, EN), me ngā paerewa ā-motu (hei tauira, GB, JIS). Ka taea e ngā maitai kua tohua te whakamana i tōna mahi me tōna pono.