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China Suppliers Factory for 1045 S45C G10450 AISI 1045 Medium Carbon Steel with High Strength and Weldability
General Characteristics
1045/C45 steel is defined as medium carbon steel which has 0.4%-0.5% Carbon. It offers good weldability, good machinability, high strength and impact properties, but low in hardenability because of lack of suitable alloying elements.
Designation by Standards
| Mat. No. | DIN | EN | AISI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0503 | C45 | - | 1045 |
Chemical Composition (in weight %)
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | Ni | V | W | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.46 | max. 0.40 | 0.65 | max. 0.40 | max. 0.10 | max. 0.40 | - | - | (Cr+Mo+Ni) = max. 0.63 |
Description & Applications
Description
C45 is a medium carbon steel used when greater strength and hardness is desired than in the “as rolled” condition. Extreme size accuracy, straightness and concentricity combine to minimize wear in high speed applications. Turned, ground and polished.
Applications
Quenched and subsequently tempered steel for screws, forgings, wheel tires, shafts, sickles, axes, knives, wood working drills, hammers, etc.
Physical & Thermal Properties
Physical properties (average values) at ambient temperature
- Modulus of elasticity: 205 x 103 N/mm2
- Density: 7.85 g/cm3
- Specific heat capacity: 0.48 J/g.K
Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (10-6 °C-1)
| 20-100 oC | 20-250 oC | 20-500 oC |
|---|---|---|
| 11.5 | 13.0 | 14.0 |
Heat Treatment & Forging
Heat Treatment Temperatures
- Soft Annealing: Heat to 680-710°C, cool slowly in furnace. (Produces a maximum Brinell hardness of 207).
- Normalizing: 840-880°C / Air cooling.
- Hardening: Harden from 820-860°C followed by water or oil quenching.
- Tempering: 550-660°C / Air cooling.
Forging & Mechanical Diagram Info
- Forging (Hot Forming): 1050-850°C.
- Diagram Reference: Diagram Tempering Temperature – Mechanical Properties.
Mechanical Properties
Mechanical Properties in Quenched + Tempered Condition
| Diameter d (mm) | Thickness t (mm) | 0.2 % proof stress (N/mm²) | Tensile strength (N/mm²) | Elongation A5 (%) | Reduction Z (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <16 | <8 | min. 490 | 700-850 | min. 14 | min. 35 |
| <17-40 | <8<=20 | min. 430 | 650-800 | min. 16 | min. 40 |
| <41-100 | <20<=60 | min. 370 | 630-780 | min. 17 | min. 45 |
Mechanical Properties in Normalized Condition
| Diameter d (mm) | Thickness t (mm) | 0.2% proof stress (N/mm²) | Tensile strength (N/mm²) | Elongation A5 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <16 | <16 | min. 390 | min. 620 | min. 14 |
| <17-100 | <16<=100 | min. 305 | min. 305 | min. 16 |
| <101-250 | <100<250 | min. 275 | min. 560 | min. 16 |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What are the primary characteristics of 1045/C45 steel?
1045/C45 is a medium carbon steel containing 0.4%-0.5% carbon. It is characterized by good weldability, good machinability, high strength, and high impact properties. However, it has relatively low hardenability due to the absence of key alloying elements.
What are the typical applications of C45 steel?
In its quenched and subsequently tempered condition, C45 steel is commonly used for manufacturing screws, forgings, wheel tires, shafts, sickles, axes, knives, wood working drills, hammers, and other tools or components requiring high strength.
How is C45 steel heat treated for soft annealing?
For soft annealing, C45 steel is heated to a temperature of 680-710°C and then cooled slowly inside the furnace. This process results in a maximum Brinell hardness value of 207.
What are the tempering and hardening parameters for C45?
Hardening is carried out from a temperature of 820-860°C followed by a water or oil quench. Tempering is performed at temperatures between 550-660°C, followed by cooling in air.
What is the density and modulus of elasticity of C45 steel?
At ambient temperatures, C45 steel has an average density of 7.85 g/cm³ and a modulus of elasticity of 205 x 10³ N/mm².